Tuesday, April 9, 2024

Fw: Ref.: Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy. April, 2024

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List – April 9,  2024

 

Ref.:  Infolep monthly overview of new publications on leprosy. April, 2024

From:  Roos Geutjes & Josephine Breman-Srivastava, Amsterdam, the Netherlands



 


Dear colleagues, 

A special hybrid event will be held on the 24th of April, 2024; to
celebrate the launch of the RSTMH Supplement on Mental Health, Stigma and Neglected Tropical Diseases. This Journal Supplement contains interesting articles on the social stigma of people living with Hansen's disease, mental health integration in an NTD program in Nigeria, and more.

The
NNN Conference 2024 has announced this year's theme and opened its submission portal workshop sessions, presentations and more. Make sure to check out the News & Events section to read more about the NNN Conference 2024. 

Congratulations to The Leprosy Mission which is celebrating its 150th anniversary in 2024.
There is a video where they look back at their past, focusing on the moments that defined their fight to defeat leprosy; and where they look forward to the future: embarking on the last leg of a long race to end Leprosy. 

InfoNTD is now active on LinkedIn. We will share News & Events, publications, and practical materials on Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and their cross-cutting issues; which include Leprosy.  If you would like to be kept informed by all things NTDs; including leprosy,
please follow us. We will remain active on Twitter and will continue to share a monthly Newsletter.

Warm regards,

Roos Geutjes & Josephine Breman-Srivastava

www.infolep.org
info@infolep.org





Practical Materials



Psychological interventions implementation manual: integrating evidence-based psychological interventions into existing services (WHO Manual)
World Health Organization . 2024.
 


Vision and eye screening implementation handbook (WHO Handbook)
World Health Organization . World Health Organization . 2023.
 


PubCompare - The largest database of trusted experimental protocols (Research Protocol AI Database)
PubCompare . 2024.





Highlighted Publications



The potential role of artificial intelligence in the clinical management of Hansen's disease (leprosy)
Deps PD, Yotsu R, Furriel BCRS, et al. Frontiers in Medicine. Frontiers Media SA. 2024.
 


Target product profiles: leprosy diagnostics.
Kukkaro P, Vedithi S, Blok D, et al. Bulletin of the World Health Organization. 2024; 102 (4) : 288-295.
 


Experience and evidence building on effective innovative integrated capacity strengthening - Results from the NNN Leprosy Disease Specific Working Group session 21st September 2023
Fenenga C, Warne G, Geutjes R. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 124-129.
 


Let them talk and we listen: what are diseases of neglected people?
Duck M. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i5-i6.
 





New publications


Feel free to contact us to receive full-text versions if these cannot be found through the Infolep portal.



The impact of COVID-19 on persons affected by leprosy and leprosy control in the North and Northeast of Brazil
da Rocha AM, de Souza EA, Ferreira AF, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 97-112.
 


Hansen's discovery of the Leprosy Bacillus: controversy over preventive measures in 19th Century British Colonial India
Desikan P, Pandya S. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 118-123.
 


The leprosy endgame in Malawi: From leprosy control project to national public health resource
Crampin AC, Nyirenda M, Fine PEM. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 2-6.
 


The epidemiology of leprosy in Karonga District, northern Malawi 1973–2023: An analysis of leprosy's distribution, risk factors, control and decline in rural Africa
LEP - KPS Team . Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 7-84.
 


Health-related quality of life of children and adolescents with leprosy in a hyperendemic region, Midwest Brazil
de Almeida MV, Ferreira EAB, Alves Da Rocha CB, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 85-96.
 


Clofazimine in Erythema Nodosum leprosum: where do we stand?
Narang T, Mehta H, Singh S, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 130-132.
 


Macrophage immunophenotypes in Jorge Lobo's disease and lepromatous leprosy- A comparative study
Morassi Sasso B, Fralete Ayres Vallarelli A, Sammarco Rosa P, et al. Microbial Pathogenesis. Elsevier BV. 2024.
 


Mitochondrial variants of complex I genes associated with leprosy clinical subtypes.
de Souza F, Silva C, de Araújo G, et al. Scientific reports. 2024; 14 (1) : 1-8.
 


A clinicoepidemiological study of leprosy among children and adolescents in a tertiary care centre in the post elimination era
C D, S H, R PAM, et al. IP Indian Journal of Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. IP Innovative Publication Pvt Ltd. 2024; 10 (1) : 1-10.
 


Single-Dose Rifampicin Leprosy Chemoprophylaxis for Household Contacts in Kiribati: An Audit of a Combined Retrospective and Prospective Approach.
Campbell P, Bauro T, Rimon E, et al. Tropical medicine and infectious disease. 2024; 9 (3) : 1-11.
 


A Cross-Sectional Study to Evaluate the Role of the Nuclear Factor Kappa B (Nf-κB) Pathway in Regulating the Cytokine Cascade and as a Potential Therapeutic Target in Leprosy
Reja H, Hena A, Abishek De, et al. Indian Journal of Dermatology. 2024.
 


Onychoscopy and nailfold capillaroscopy in leprosy: A case–control study
Chanana C, Palanisamy M, Goyal A, et al. Cosmoderma. Scientific Scholar. 2024.
 


Dermoscopic features of nails in Leprosy patients in a tertiary referral hospital in West Java, Indonesia
Gunawan H, Nurani NB. BMC Infectious Diseases. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 2024; 24 (1) : 1-9.
 


Morphological Index as a Sensitive Marker of Drug Resistance in Leprosy: A Case Series
Chhabra N, Kumar TS, Singh I, et al. Indian Journal of Dermatology. Medknow. 2024.
 


An Investigation on Leprosy Treatment Patterns, including Disease Prevalence, Adverse Event Monitoring, and Medication Adherence Assessment.
Turki A, Mallick S, Begum H. A, et al. Journal of Advanced Zoology. 2024.
 


Perfil e prevalência da hanseníase no Nordeste no período de 2018 a 2022
Nobre MEW, Afonso SCCC, da Silva MKCG, et al. Brazilian Journal of Health Review. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 7 (1) : 6203-6210.
 


A concessão de benefício previdenciário por incapacidade laboral à pessoa com hanseníase: o conceito de incapacidade em sentido amplo
Alves HCDO, Santos JJFD. Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 17 (3) : 1-12.
 


Perfil epidemiológico de hanseníase idade igual ou superior a 16 anos na macronorte de Minas Gerais
Neves AP, Guimarães JRS, Veloso IAM, et al. Contribuciones a las Ciencias Sociales. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 17 (3) : 1-14.
 


Hanseníase - uma revisão abrangente sobre a fisiopatologia, manifestações clínicas, diagnóstico e tratamento
Barbosa SG, Machado CW, Silva FMG, et al. Brazilian Journal of Health Review. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 7 (2) : 1-12.
 


Caracterização dos pacientes sobre o abandono ao tratamento da hanseníase e suas causas : revisão integrativa.
Lima ASV, Rodrigues LN, Daluia Calegari CC. Revista Saúde Multidisciplinar. Morgana Potrich Higher Education Center. 2024; 16 (1) : 75-84.
 


Educação em saúde e hanseníase: estratégias para a redução do estigma
Victor DADM, Parra AMD, Abreu JS, et al. Ciências da saúde: Pesquisas e práticas multidisciplinares, Volume 2. Editora e-Publicar. 2024.
 


Aspectos Epidemiológicos E De Manifestações Clínicas De Pacientes Diagnosticados Com Hanseníase No Município De Marabá-Pa Entre Os Anos De 2014-2017
Ribeiro GDS, De Carvalho CA, Damasceno ARMB, et al. Revista Contemporânea. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 4 (3) : 1-22.


Navigating diagnostic and therapeutic challenges in ocular manifestations of Hansen's disease and trachoma: A narrative review.
Gurnani B, Kaur K, Savla H, et al. Indian journal of ophthalmology. 2024.
 


Experiences of social stigma of people living with Hansen's disease in Brazil: silencing, secrets and exclusion.
Souza G, de Oliveira P, de Araujo P, et al. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i60-i67.
 


Leprosy in Colombia: A look from life experience.
Mora J, Angarita P. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i9-i11.
 


An evaluation of mental health integration in the neglected tropical diseases program in Zamfara, North-west Nigeria.
Udo S, Ogbu P, Tsaku P, et al. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i52-i59.
 


Participatory development of a community mental wellbeing support package for people affected by skin neglected tropical diseases in the Kasai province, Democratic Republic of Congo.
Nganda M, Luhaka P, Kukola J, et al. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i30-i41.
 


Windows of opportunity in integrating mental health into care of neglected tropical diseases: the Nigeria experience.
Ojo T, Afolayan O, Alex-Okoh M. International health. 2024; 16 (Supplement_1) : i7-i8.
 


Unveiling the Past: Retrospective Exploration of Multidrug Therapy (MDT) Efficacy in Multibacillary Leprosy Patients
Rahmi A. M, Listiawan M. Y, Murtiastutik D, et al. Migration Letters. 2024; 21 (5) : 51-58.
 


Adverse reactions induced by MDT/WHO (Rifampicin+Clofazimine+Dapsone) and ROM (Rifampicin+Ofloxacin+Minocycline) regimens used in the treatment of leprosy: a cohort study in a National Reference Center in Brazil
Celestino IC, Antunes DE, Santos DF, et al. Frontiers in Pharmacology. Frontiers Media SA. 2024.
 


Relationship between BCG Vaccination history and the incidence of leprosy in children: A literature review
Pertiwi A. N. A. M, Martini S, Gomaa Nasr N. M. Jurnal Berkala Epidemiologi. 2024.
 


From periphery to center, untold story of pure neuritic leprosy: an electrophysiological study.
Bhoi S, Lahre Y, Jha M, et al. Acta neurologica Belgica. 2024.
 


Leprosy in the Upper Midwest: Vigilance Needed for Contacts.
Thangaraju P, Venkatesan S. WMJ : official publication of the State Medical Society of Wisconsin. 2024; 123 (1) : 4.
 


Sustainable development of leprosy elimination by 2030 in China
Liu J. The Lancet Regional Health - Western Pacific. Elsevier BV. 2024.
 


Epidemiological, clinical, and geographical characterization of Leprosy in the County of Santarém-Pará: Insights for effective control and targeted intervention.
Queiroz E, da Rocha I, Valentim L, et al. PLoS neglected tropical diseases. 2024; 18 (3) : 1-15.
 


Competency Assessment on Gram Stain Examination and Interpretation Among Medical Laboratory Professionals Working in Selected Hospitals of Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Tsehay A, Sineshaw H, Eshetu K, et al. Journal of multidisciplinary healthcare. 2024.
 


The role of trained cadres to find new cases of leprosy with a social learning theory approach in the City of Bima, Indonesia
Kurniadi K, Hasbi M. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS). Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science. 2024; 13 (1) : 14-19.
 


Dermatoscopic evaluation of leprosy: A multi-centre cross-sectional study
Ankad BS, Sharma A, Vinay K, et al. Indian Journal of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprology. Scientific Scholar. 2024.
 


Leaping over Leprosy
Ahuja K, DeSena G. SKIN The Journal of Cutaneous Medicine. National Society for Cutaneous Medicine. 2024; 8 (2) : 1473-1474.
 


Spatial-temporal trends in leprosy burden and its associations with socioeconomic and physical geographic factors: results from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019.
Shen L, Ding J, Wang Y, et al. Public health. 2024.
 


Sequelas de Hanseníase: caso remanescente da era da monoterapia sulfônica
Shimizu GKM, Wedy GF, De Abreu MAMM, et al. Brazilian Journal of Health Review. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 7 (2) : 1-7.
 


A prevalência da hanseníase no estado de alagoas: um estudo epidemiológico para tornar-se ferramenta para implantação de políticas públicas
Carneiro Filho FD, Farias LMS, Sampaio CDCP, et al. Revista Contemporânea. South Florida Publishing LLC. 2024; 4 (3) : 1-18.
 


Enfermedad de Hansen: manifestaciones nanosinusales
Montenegro P. M. G, Nuñez W. F. P, Salinas D. V. S, et al. reciamuc. 2024; 8 (1) : 375-384.
 


Comportamiento clínico-epidemiológico de la enfermedad de Hansen en los pacientes atendidos en el Centro Nacional de Dermatología Francisco Soto Calderón
Borge J. C. T, Guerrero M. G, Rivas N. L. Z. Revista Ciencias de la Salud y Educación Médica. 2023; 5 (7) : 20-28.
 


Doenças de pessoas negligenciadas no Brasil: o olhar da Bioética Crítica sobre as determinações sociais da saúde
Carolina Guimarães A, Boiago Dias G, Rocha da Cunha T, et al. Revista Iberoamericana de Bioética. Universidad Pontificia Comillas. 2024.







Case Reports



Steroid Premedication Might Protect From Postoperative Erythema Nodosum Leprosum in Leprosy: A Case Report
Hembrom SB, Ahmed G, Karim HMR, et al. Cureus. Springer Science and Business Media LLC. 2024.
 


Concomitant Tuberculous and Lepromatous Lymphadenitis: Clues and Pitfalls of Leprosy Concealed by Tuberculosis in Lymph Nodes.
Farhan R, AbdullGaffar B, Al-Dabal L. International journal of surgical pathology. 2024.
 


An Image Case of Lepromatous Leprosy in a Patient With Parkinson Disease
Strength RE, Mazumder S. Annals of Internal Medicine: Clinical Cases. American College of Physicians. 2024; 3 (3) : 1-2.
 


Localised erythema nodosum leprosum-A rare entity managed with thalidomide.
Patel C, De Barros B, Walker S. Skin health and disease. 2024; 4 (2) : 1-4.
 


Retinal Vasculitis in a Patient with Hansen's Disease
Savant S, Soukiasian S, Spaide R, et al. Retinal cases & brief reports. 2024.
 


A case of leprosy in a non endemic country.
Asperges E, Bagnarino J, Ancarani C, et al. International journal of infectious diseases : IJID : official publication of the International Society for Infectious Diseases. 2024.
 


An atypical case of leprosy mimicking a lichenoid eruption
Srinivasan VR, Haridass P, Wahab AJ, et al. Leprosy Review. Lepra. 2024; 95 (1) : 113-117.
 


Challenging in leprosy relapse with antiphospholipid syndrome diagnosis: A case report.
Kolahi S, Ghadakchi L, Sarmadian A, et al. Clinical case reports. 2024; 12 (4) : 1-6.
 





News & Events



RSTMH Supplement on Mental Health, Stigma and Neglected Tropical Diseases Launch Event
April 24th, 2024; 16:00-17:00 BST; John Snow Lecture Theatre (LSHTM) & Online.

The RSTMH International Health journal Supplement on Mental Health, Stigma and NTDs is being launched on the 24th of April, 2024 at 16:00 BST in the John Snow Lecture Theatre (in LSHTM) and online. You can register in advance for this webinar by
clicking here
 


NNN Webinar: Multi-sectoral coordination to achieve roadmap goals: examples from endemic countries
April 16th, 2024; 14:00 -15:00 CEST; Online Webinar.

This interactive webinar will highlight how cross-sectoral engagement has been employed in different contexts for more sustainable NTD programs. The WHO NTD Roadmap for 2030 identifies cross-sectoral coordination as an essential component of reaching the Roadmap targets and ensuring sustainable NTD programs. The NNN Cross-Cutting Groups demonstrate the importance of working across sectors and with different actors to reach these objectives. 
 


A history of The Leprosy Mission & how we make a world without leprosy possible - 150 Years of TLM
The Leprosy Mission International . 2024.

In 2024, The Leprosy Mission is celebrating its 150th anniversary. In this video they look back at their past, to the moments that have defined their fight to defeat leprosy. They also look forward to the future, to the last leg of a long race to end one of the world's oldest diseases. In their 150th year, they are proud to say the finishing line is within sight.


African Research Leaders – UKRI


The UK Research and Innovation (UKRI) is calling for applicating for funding to support exceptional early to mid-career African researchers to conduct excellent global health research across sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). UKRI aims to attract and retain exceptionally talented 'rising star' individuals who will lead high quality research on key global health issues pertinent to SSA. Awards will provide support for up to five years and the requested amount should not exceed £750,000 in total. The deadline to apply is the 24th of April, 2024.
 


RSTMH Early Career Grants

The RSTMH Early Career Grants aims to encourage and support the next generation of tropical medicine and global health professionals by providing their first research grant. The maximum RSTMH Early Career Grant award is £5,000. The Project should take up to one year to be completed and should start within 3 months of receiving funding. The projects can be on any topic related to tropical medicine and global health, from across the research spectrum for example: lab, translation, implementation, and policy. Application Deadline is April 22, 2024 at 12 pm (BST).
 


ESCMID Postgraduate Course - Leprosy: back to the future.
May 20-22, 2024, Bergen, Norway.

ESCMID and ILEP have co-organized Leprosy: back to the future, a 3-day postgraduate training program in Bergen, Norway. The program focuses on medical aspects of leprosy so it is designed mostly for medical practitioners who would benefit from learning or updating on current issues in leprosy, especially new approaches to prevention and discussions about 'Zero Leprosy'. However it may also be of interest to program administrators or managers who are already familiar with leprosy. The registration deadline for general attendance is April 22, 2024.


NNN Conference 2024
October 1-3, 2024; Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

The NNN Annual Conference 2024 will take place from 1st of October - 3rd of October, 2024, in Kuala Lumpur Malaysia. The theme for the conference is: "Collaboration for Change: Fostering Global Equity and Strengthening Community Engagement in NTDs." The NNN is now accepting submissions for 90 minute workshop sessions, Rapid Fire presentations, Poster presentations, and Storytelling Films. To learn more about the types and submission guidance,
please click here. The submission deadline is the 21st of April, 2024; at 23:00 ET. 
 


The 2024 Falcon Awards for Disease Elimination

The Falcon Awards for Disease Elimination is an awards scheme that aims to help partners go further and faster towards their disease elimination goals. This year, GLIDE's third iteration of the Falcon Awards is focusing on accelerating disease elimination in the Western Pacific Region. Eligible applications are those that aim to provide catalytic support to disease elimination efforts for Vector-Borne Diseases, Neglected Tropical Diseases or climate infectious diseases across the region through advocacy campaigns or formative research projects. Submission window for application is 22th March to 29th April, 2024. 
 


Injaz Fellowship for Disease Elimination

GLIDE announced the Injaz Fellowship for Disease Elimination for the 2024-2025 cycle, an innovative program designed to advance global efforts to eliminate and eradicate infectious diseases. The focus diseases for this fellowship are Neglected Tropical Diseases including Lymphatic Filariasis, Onchocerciasis, Polio, and Malaria. The aim is to equip selected fellows with the necessary knowledge, skills, and leadership strategies to lead innovative strategies in disease elimination. Application deadline is the 10th of May, 2024. 
 


Wellcome Discovery Awards

The Wellcome Discovery Awards scheme provides funding for established researchers and teams from any discipline who want to pursue bold and creative research ideas to deliver significant shifts in understanding that could improve human life, health and wellbeing. Application deadline is the 16th of April, 2024.
 


Wellcome Career Development Awards

The Wellcome Career Development scheme provides funding for mid-career researchers from any discipline who have the potential to be international research leaders. They will develop their research capabilities, drive innovative programmes of work and deliver significant shifts in understanding that could improve human life, health and wellbeing. Application deadline is the 11th of April, 2024 at 17:00 (BST).
 


Conference on Neglected Tropical Diseases 2024
November 14-16, 2024, Nairobi; Kenya.

The 1st edition of the Conference on Neglected Tropical Diseases, organized by AME is tentatively scheduled from 14-16 October in Nairobi, Kenya, as a hybrid meeting. The abstract-driven conference proposes a platform to disseminate new advancements, real-world data, implementation challenges, and novel governing models to discuss and generate solutions for cross-cutting topics and ultimately reduce the disease burden and societal impact of NTDs. This proposal supports the progress in foundational pillars of the WHO Roadmap by facilitating evidence-based program implementation, leveraging the cross-cutting approach, and providing a forum to discuss a paradigm shift toward country ownership of elimination programs.





Links



Info Hansen - A innovative hub for knowledge sharing about Hansen's Disease
 


ALLF - Official website of the Association des Léprologues de Langue Française
 


LML - Leprosy Mailing List - a free moderated email list that allows all persons interested in leprosy to share ideas, information, experiences and questions
 


InfoNTD - Information on cross-cutting issues in Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs)


ILEP newsletter archive


GPZL newsletter subscription


WHO Goodwill Ambassador's Leprosy Bulletin


Leprosy Review


Leprosy Review Repository (1928-2001)


Fontilles Revista de Leprología


Indian Journal of Leprosy


Hansenologia Internationalis


HARP - database of Hansen's Disease Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles




GDPR & the Infolep newsletter

 
New EU data protection regulations came into force on 25 May 2018. We have been reviewing our practices with regards to the GDPR, including our
privacy statement and mailing list.

Infolep sends out monthly e-mails with an overview of recent publications on leprosy and related issues. The purpose of this activity is to keep subscribers up to date.

Infolep will only process the data we have (names, email addresses) for the purpose of sending you the newsletter. We take your security seriously and will never share your contact details with anyone else.

You can
update your preferences or unsubscribe from this list at any time.




LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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Thursday, March 28, 2024

Fw: Ref.: (LML) Social exclusion of persons who experience(d) HD

 

 

Leprosy Mailing List –  March 28,  2024

 

Ref.:  (LML) Social exclusion of persons who experience(d) HD

From:  Joel Almeida, India


Dear Pieter and colleagues,

In response to a petition from a former HD (leprosy) patient, The Delhi High Court
declared:

"This Court is in agreement with the Petitioner that leprosy affected persons are equal members of our society and discrimination against leprosy affected persons is clear violation of Articles 14 and 21 of the Constitution of India."


Not many diseases require similar declarations from the court. We would certainly wish for HD to be regarded as just another disease. However, it is not yet so. Not many diseases result in people living in "colonies" outside the mainstream. This aspect is not even contemplated by most of the standard scales of socio-economic status. It is a reality for too many people who experience(d) HD.


Likewise, many laws discriminate against people who experience(d) HD, and few if any discriminate against people with other diseases. 

India detects over 100,000 new HD cases each year, on average. India also has examples of enlightened legislation, aimed at protecting persons who experience(d) unjust exclusion, negative discrimination, or atrocities.


For example, the Indian HIV & AIDS (Prevention & Control) Act, 2017 requires the written assessment of a qualified and independent healthcare provider competent to do so that such a "protected person" poses a significant risk of transmission of HIV to other persons. Only then is any kind of discrimination tolerated, by law, in India. In HD (leprosy), no such written assessment is required. Instead, even patients who for practical purposes shed no bacilli are too often told that they pose a threat to their contacts.


The experience of other excluded groups could be relevant, in considering remedies. For example, social exclusion of persons belonging to "Scheduled Castes" or "Scheduled Tribes" is an acknowledged challenge in India. These are groups of people who for generations were treated less favourably than others. They are forced too often to live in "colonies" outside the main village or mainstream. Special legislation and special socio-economic schemes have been introduced, aimed at remedying the wrongs. The Protection of Civil Rights Act 1955 and the Prevention of Atrocities Act 1989 are in force. The latter is represented as an Act "to prevent the commission of offences of atrocities against the members of the Scheduled Castes and the Scheduled Tribes, to provide for Special Courts for the trial of such offences and for the relief and rehabilitation of the victims of such offences and for matters connected therewith or incidental thereto." They may be persons like any other, but they have not been treated so. The wrongs are sought to be righted.

Among the many unique challenges faced by people who experience(d) HD, not all are attributable to ignorance among lay persons. Some challenges are attributable to us health professionals. This is usually not intentional. Exposing the diagnosis of HD to others is not exactly respectful of the human right to privacy, confidentiality of diagnosis and a good reputation. Exclusion of anergic HD patients from anti-microbial protection in endemic areas seems inconsistent with their right to adequate medical care. These errors are inconsistent with human rights. They also happen to be unhelpful to stopping transmission.


Human rights are an important determinant of socio-economic status as well as an indicator of socio-economic status. People who experience(d) HD and their families too often have been denied human rights. This need not be glossed over in the course of measuring or describing the socio-economic status of people who experienced HD. 

Given that we are interested not merely in describing problems but also in devising and promoting solutions, we could brainstorm about the route to a more just and compassionate world for people who experience(d) HD.


No HD patient need be discriminated against in any way absent a written assessment from a qualified, competent professional that the individual patient poses a significant risk of transmission of HD bacilli to other persons (e.g., based on demonstration of densely packed bacilli in either nasal smears or tissue fluid from abraded skin or at least widely disseminated lesions). In the absence of such objective evidence of infectiousness, an HD patient deserves privacy of diagnosis. No patient with non-infectious forms of HD deserves defamation or an increased risk of social exclusion.


No HD patient with viable bacilli or persistent anergy to HD bacilli need be excluded from anti-microbial protection in endemic areas. Wherever MIP vaccine is available, it can be used to classify highly bacillated patients into responders and non-responders. Else all highly bacillated HD patients in endemic areas can be included in anti-microbial protection even beyond 12 doses of rifampicin. Patients with other diseases are not excluded from effective medical care and protection. There is no need to exclude from anti-microbial protection those HD patients in endemic areas who remain vulnerable to reinfection.

The description of socio-economic status could also draw attention to the drivers of social mobility, given that we desire change. Financial inclusion matters. Land ownership, accumulated savings, access to reasonably priced financial credit are among the important indicators of potential mobility. (1). 


Further, Scheduled Castes / Scheduled Tribes seem to hold lessons for HD in India. Their experience shows that highlighting disadvantages can facilitate remedies. Nowadays some people even strive to be classified (misclassified) as SC/ST in the hope of capturing educational or employment opportunities. In countries such as India with a demonstrable willingness to adopt enlightened legislation, acknowledging the problem seems a useful first step to finding solutions. 


Unfortunately, people who experience(d) HD are still too often treated less favourably than others. That can change especially if we highlight the social exclusion and denial of human rights that are overlooked by most standard scales of socio-economic status.


Joel Almeida

Further reading 


Tiwari C et al. 2022, Poverty, wealth inequality and financial inclusion among castes in Hindu and Muslim communities in Uttar Pradesh, India 
https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/epdf/10.1002/jid.3626

 


LML - S Deepak, B Naafs, S Noto and P Schreuder

LML blog link: http://leprosymailinglist.blogspot.it/

Contact: Dr Pieter Schreuder << editorlml@gmail.com

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